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Health Savings Accounts (HSAs) are tax-exempt accounts where funds grow to pay for medical expenses. They were created to help give control back to consumers and lower healthcare costs. HSAs provide a financial incentive for consumers to select a High Deductible Health Plan (HDHP). HDHPs have lower monthly premiums than traditional plans. The HSA/HDHP combination provides consumers with more incentive to shop carefully for healthcare services.
An HSA is your account. If you switch jobs, the HSA goes with you. Your money rolls over every year. There is no "use it or lose it" requirement.
In order to open an HSA, you must have a qualified High Deductible Health Plan. The IRS determines the guidelines for qualified HDHPs. The current IRS guidelines for 2009 are:
IRS Requirements for 2010:
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Single Plan
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Family Plan
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Minimum Deductible
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$1,200
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$2,400
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Maximum Out-of-Pocket
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$5,950
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$11,900
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Contribution Limit
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$3,050
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$6,150
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Catch-Up Contribution (55 or older)*
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$1,000
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$1,000
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* If a spouse is also 55 or older, a second HSA must be established and a second contribution of $1,000 could be made to that account.
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Contributions
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When you have a qualifying High Deductible Health Plan (HDHP), the following contribution guidelines apply.
- Anyone can contribute to your HSA.
- Your contributions are tax deductible.
- If your employer contributes to your HSA, that contribution is done on a pre-tax basis.
- Any pay-roll deductions made through Section 125 for your HSA are also on a pre-tax basis.
- You may contribute the annual maximum amount as determined by the IRS, regardless of your plan’s deductible. The maximum for 2008 is $2,900 for individuals and $5,800 for families.
- You may contribute the annual maximum amount determined by the IRS, regardless of when your coverage begins, if you maintain coverage for the 12 month period beyond the calendar year in which you first became eligible. The maximum for 2009 is $3,000 for individuals and $5,950 for families.
- Example: if you have individual coverage that begins in November 2008, you may still contribute $2,900 for 2008 when you maintain coverage through the end of 2009.
- Your employer may roll over funds from your HRA or FSA account once, according to the legislative provisions.
- If your employer allows the FSA extension where 2006 FSA funds can be used until March 15, 2007, you may still contribute to an HSA, if your FSA balance is zero or the FSA balance is transferred to an HSA by January 1st, 2007.
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Distributions
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Here are some key points about distributions:
- You can use your money tax-free at any time for eligible medical expenses.
- When you turn 65, you can use the money for non-eligible medical expenses. The money is subject to income tax, and there are no IRS penalties.
- If you are under age 65 and use your money for non-eligible medical expenses, you will be subject to income tax and a 10% tax penalty.
Tax Advantages of a Health Savings Account
Federally Qualified HSAs are tax-deductible, tax-deferred, and tax-free.
- Tax-deductible: Contributions to your HSA can be deducted from your gross income.
- Pre-tax: Contributions made to your HSA through payroll deductions.
- Tax-deferred: Your HSA money grows without being taxed.
- Tax-free: You can use your HSA money tax free for eligible medical expenses.
Over the life of your HSA, you can save thousands of dollars in taxes. These tax advantages occur at the federal level. To see if your state provides tax benefits for HSAs, please contact your state resource.
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One important point: You cannot use both a health care FSA and an HSA. Your employer can develop a “limited” FSA that covers only vision, dental and childcare. But if you have an HSA, you cannot also have an FSA.
NOTE: As an example of just how complex this whole health care world really is, we reported in this column last year that you COULD use both an FSA and an “employer-only” HSA. Alerted by a respondent to this blog (Jane Ahrens), we went back to our insurance consultant and asked the question again. After additional research, the answer was clear—the HSA could accept both employer and employee contributions. And a health care FSA cannot be used in conjunction with it. We apologize if any of our readers got caught in the same dilemma. If you want to know how we reversed the problem, drop a line to kgardner@cgr.org.
Kent Gardner, Ph.D. President & Chief Economist
Published in the Rochester (NY) Business Journal January 2009
see the complete article at:
http://www.policy-wonk.org/kent-gardner/making-sense-of-health-savings-accounts-2/
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Ahrens Benefits Company
2117 Buffalo Rd #274
Rochester, NY 14624
585-880-8156
585-815-1658 - Fax
info@AhrensBenefitsCo.com
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